Taiwanese actress and celebrity Barbie Hsu (also known as Xu Xiyuan) tragically passed away at the age of 48 due to pneumonia caused by the flu during her trip to Japan. Her family confirmed the heartbreaking news on February 3. This incident highlights the dangers of the flu and raises questions about its prevention, differences from the common cold, and what to do if diagnosed.

Flu Outbreak in Japan: Four Weeks Above Warning Levels

Many travelers, including Hong Kong residents, visited Japan during the Lunar New Year holidays. However, the country has been grappling with a severe flu outbreak. On January 17, Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reported that from January 6 to 12, over 5000 designated medical institutions recorded more than 170,000 flu cases, with an average of 35.02 cases per institution—exceeding the warning threshold of 30 cases per institution for the fourth consecutive week.

NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) reported that 40 out of Japan's 47 prefectures surpassed this warning level, with Tokushima Prefecture recording the highest average of 57.38 cases per institution. Osaka and Tokyo reported averages of 24.93 and 21.93 cases, respectively. By January 20-26, flu cases had significantly dropped to a total of 54,594, with an average of 11.06 cases per institution.

What Is the Flu?

The flu, or influenza, is an acute viral respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses. These viruses are categorized into three main types: Type A, Type B, and Type C. Types A and B are the most common and responsible for most flu infections. Flu pandemics are typically linked to Type A viruses, while outbreaks of Type B occur less frequently. Type C flu generally causes milder symptoms and rarely leads to widespread outbreaks.

In Hong Kong, flu season peaks during winter (January to March) and summer (July to August). The H3N2 and H1N1 strains (both Type A viruses) are common culprits, while Type B viruses also pose a significant threat.

Flu vs. Common Cold: Key Differences

While often confused with the common cold, the flu is far more serious and contagious. Common flu symptoms include fever, coughing, sore throat, and body aches. The flu may be mistaken for a cold in its early stages, but its risks are significantly higher. Severe cases can lead to complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, or myocarditis, which can be fatal.

The flu also has a longer recovery period than a cold, typically requiring 7 to 14 days for full recovery.

How to Prevent the Flu

Hygiene Practices:

• Wash hands frequently.
• Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, and nose.
• Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.
• Keep living spaces clean and well-ventilated.
• Reduce time spent in crowded indoor areas.

Wearing Masks:

• Wear masks, especially in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.
• Use medical-grade masks if experiencing respiratory symptoms or visiting hospitals.

Disinfection:

• Disinfect household surfaces with cleaning agents, 70% alcohol, or diluted bleach if a household member has the flu.

Vaccination:

• The Hong Kong Department of Health recommends flu vaccinations for individuals aged six months and older.
• High-risk groups—including the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and those with chronic illnesses—should prioritize vaccination.
• Vaccinations are most effective when administered before the flu season, allowing the body two weeks to develop immunity.

What to Do If Diagnosed with the Flu?

Most flu cases resolve without complications. Doctors typically focus on supportive treatments, such as antipyretics and cough suppressants, and may prescribe antiviral medications when necessary.

To recover quickly, patients should:

• Rest and drink more water.
• Consume vitamin C-rich fruits like oranges and kiwis.
• Eat nuts or use vitamin E-rich oils to complement selenium-rich foods for immune support.
• Increase vitamin D intake through dairy products or sunlight exposure.
• Include immune-boosting foods like blueberries and cranberries in their diet.

The tragic loss of Barbie Hsu serves as a grim reminder of the dangers of the flu, especially during outbreaks. Proper precautions, including good hygiene, mask-wearing, and vaccination, can significantly reduce the risks of flu complications. As Japan continues to battle its flu epidemic, travelers and residents alike must remain vigilant to protect their health.

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